Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid contains two key functional groups: an amino group (–NH₂) and a carboxyl group (–COOH), along with a variable side chain (R-group) that determines its specific properties. In biological systems, 20 standard amino acids are used to construct proteins.
Key features of amino acids:
Side chains determine whether they are polar, nonpolar, acidic, or basic
Functions and roles:
Tissue repair and immune function
Applications:
Food additives and flavor enhancers (e.g., monosodium glutamate)
Amino acids are foundational to life and play critical roles in nearly every biological process.
