Thulium

Thulium is utilized as a dopant in laser materials and in portable X-ray devices after being irradiated in a nuclear reactor.

Thulium metal targets are used in physical vapor deposition processes to create thin films for magneto-optical data storage and specialized electronic components.

High-purity thulium is used as an evaporation source in vacuum deposition to produce thin layers for optical and semiconductor research.

Thulium is added to various metal alloys to refine grain structure and improve mechanical properties in specialized metallurgical applications.